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What is a Cryptocurrency and How Does It Work?
A cryptocurrency is a type of digital currency that uses cryptography for security and operates on a decentralized network called blockchain. Unlike traditional money (like the US dollar or euro), cryptocurrencies are not controlled by banks or governments—they rely on a peer-to-peer system.
🔹 Key Features of Cryptocurrencies
Decentralization: No central authority (like a bank) controls them.
Security: Transactions are secured by blockchain technology (tamper-proof records).
Pseudonymity: Transactions are public, but identities are hidden behind wallet addresses.
Limited Supply: Many cryptos have a max supply (e.g., Bitcoin’s 21 million cap).
Borderless: Can be sent globally without intermediaries.
🔹 How Do Cryptocurrencies Work?
1. Blockchain Technology
A distributed ledger maintained by thousands of computers (nodes).
Transactions are grouped into blocks and added to the chain after validation.
Once recorded, transactions cannot be altered (immutability).
2. Transactions
If Alice sends 1 Bitcoin to Bob, the transaction is broadcast to the network.
Miners (in Bitcoin) or validators (in Ethereum 2.0) verify the transaction.
Once confirmed, it’s added to the blockchain (time varies by network).
3. Mining & Staking
Mining (Proof of Work – PoW): Used by Bitcoin. Miners solve complex math problems to validate transactions and earn crypto rewards.
Staking (Proof of Stake – PoS): Used by Ethereum 2.0, Cardano. Users “lock up” coins to validate transactions and earn interest.
4. Wallets
Hot Wallets: Connected to the internet (e.g., MetaMask, Trust Wallet).
Cold Wallets: Offline storage (e.g., Ledger, Trezor) → More secure.
Each wallet has a private key (like a password) and a public address (like an account number).
🔹 Types of Cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin (BTC): The first and most famous (“digital gold”).
Ethereum (ETH): Supports smart contracts & decentralized apps (DeFi, NFTs).
Stablecoins: Pegged to fiat (e.g., USDT = $1).
Altcoins: Other cryptos like Solana (SOL), Cardano (ADA).
Utility Tokens: Used in specific ecosystems (e.g., BNB for Binance Chain).
🔹 How to Get Cryptocurrencies?
Buy on exchanges (Binance, Coinbase, Kraken).
Mine (requires powerful hardware).
Stake (earn passive income by locking coins).
Airdrops & Rewards (some projects give free tokens).
